Five Laws of Library Science

The 5 Laws of Library Science is a theory proposed by S. R. Ranganathan in 1931, detailing the principles of operating a library system. Five laws of library science are called the set of norms, percepts, and guides to good practice in librarianship. Many librarians worldwide accept them as the foundations of their philosophy. Dr. S.R. Ranganathan conceived the Five Laws of Library Science in 1924. The statements embodying these laws were formulated in 1928. These laws were first published in Ranganathan's classic book entitled Five Laws of Library Science in 1931.

These laws are:

1. Books Are For Use
2. Every Reader His/Her Book
3. Every Book Its Reader
4. Save The Time Of The Reader
5. The Library Is A Growing Organism

These laws of Library Science are the "fundamental laws" of Library Science. These are applicable to any problem in the areas of library science, library service, and library practice. These laws are like pot containing oceans. Prior to their enunciation, the subject of Library Science had no philosophy. These laws gave a philosophical base, guaranteeing an everlasting future to the subject of library science, the profession of librarianship, and the use of libraries. These laws have provided a scientific approach to the subject of library science. Even though S.R. Ranganathan proposed the Five Laws of Library Science before the advent of the digital age, they are still valid and equally relevant today.

Note

1. A corollary of the Fourth Law of Library Science is "Save the time of the staff"
2. In the present day context, the term "book" should be used in a broader context to mean a "Resource".

First Law: Books Are For Use Implications Open Access Location Library Hours Library Building and Furniture Book Selection Policy Library Techniques Publicity Library Staff Reference Service	Second Law: Every Reader His/Her Book Implications / Obligations Obligations of the State Obligations of the Library Authority Obligations of Library Staff Obligations of the Reader
Third Law: Every Book Its Reader Implications Open Access Book Selection Shelf Arrangement Easy Accessibility Cataloging Reference Service Publicity Extension Service	Fourth Law: Save The Time Of The Reader Implications Open Access Location Shelf Arrangement, Classification, and Cataloging Stack-Room Guides Issue and Return Reference Service Documentation Service Library Staff
Fifth Law: The Library Is A Growing Organism Implications Balanced Growth Casting Off the Old (Obsolete) and Preserving Valuable Books Choice of a Classification Scheme Choice of a Catalog Code Modernization Staff Library Building - Provision for Future Safeguards	VARIANTS OF FIVE LAWS OF LIBRARY SCIENCE

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-:FIRST LAW: BOOKS ARE FOR USE:-

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A book is a guide, a friend, and a philosopher. A writer writes a book to communicate his thoughts. The primary purpose of writing, therefore, is that the thought it contains should be communicated. To do so it is necessary to put the books for use. The first law, therefore, truly demands that all efforts should be made to ensure that all the books kept in the library are used because it is created for use. The first law "Books are for use" places emphasis on the use of books rather than storage. Books were once kept in closed access in order to prevent theft, but this discouraged free use and prevented loaning. The first law of library science "books are for use" means that books in libraries are not meant to be shut away from its users.

The first law constitutes the basis for library services. Dr. Ranganathan observed that books were often chained to prevent their removal and that the emphasis was on storage and preservation rather than use. He did not reject the notion that preservation and storage were important, but he asserted that the purpose of such activities was to promote use. Without user access to materials, there is little value in these items. By emphasizing use, Dr. Ranganathan refocused the attention of the field to access-related issues, such as the library's location, loan policies, hours and days of operation, as well as the quality of staffing and mundane matters like library furniture, temperature control, and lighting.

First Law - Books are for Use is the ones of the Five Laws of Library Science that Ranganathan remarked as ‘trivial truism’ in his writing “Library Science and Scientific Method.”⁷ Trivial Truism refers to a statement of little value or importance that is obviously true and says nothing new or interesting. So here Dr. S. R. Rangangathan means to say that the First Law - Books are for Use is obviously true and understood. Ranganathan says in this work:

" Before dealing with these factors, a word should be said about the remark that the First Law - Books are for Use - is a trivial truism. The first law of most of the science is equally so. For example, Newton’s first law of motion reads, “Every body preserves in its state of rest unless it is compelled to change that state by impressed forces.” Is this not a truism?"

Implications

1. Open Access - Open access of books enhance their use. In this system, every reader is allowed to go to the shelves and choose the book of his interest. In case he does not find the desired book of his interest, he can choose some other from the shelves.
2. Location - A library should be situated near the central place. If it as an institutional library, then it should be situated near the center of the institutional complex. If it is a public library then it should be in the center of the city.
3. Library Hours - The first law demands that a library should be kept open for long hours, and during the hours which suits to its patrons most.
4. Library Building and Furniture - There should be a functional library building with pleasant, natural, and electrical light, soothing interior, good looking furniture, comfortable chairs, etc.
5. Book Selection Policy - Books should be purchased which are relevant to the needs of the readers. Books should be attractive such as it fills the reader with pleasure.
6. Library Techniques - Proper cataloging and classification of books are essential for promoting the use of books.
7. Publicity - The First Law demands wide publicity of each and every book of the library. For example, the librarian can bring out the list of new additions and latest arrivals through the Current Awareness Service (CAS) or Selective Dissemination of Information Services (SDI).
8. Library Staff - A library cannot come up to the expectation of the first law unless its staff is attentive and cheerful, and cares for the books and readers. Readers should be looked upon as customers. Some readers are shy and are not informed about the complex library techniques. The library staff should help such users to find their desired book. It will not only satisfy readers but also enhance library's use.
9. Reference Service - Reference service aims to establish the right contact between the right reader and right book at the right time. A collection of library resources would not be used fully unless the reference librarian makes effort to help the users to exploit the resources of the library. This personal service will lead to the greater use of books.

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-:SECOND LAW: EVERY READER HIS / HER BOOK:-

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The second law of library science is "Every Reader His / Her Book". This law implies that the "books are for use of all" or "books for all." The Second Law stressed on the democratization of the library where every reader has the equal right to get the book of his / her interest. The second law fixed some responsibilities or obligations of the state, the library authority, the library staff, and the readers. A library should serve all patrons, no matter their age, race, or economic status.

This law suggests that every member of the community should be able to obtain materials needed. Dr. Ranganathan felt that all individuals from all social environments were entitled to library service and that the basis of library use was education, to which all were entitled. These entitlements were not without some important obligations for both libraries/librarians and library patrons. Librarians should have excellent first-hand knowledge of the people to be served. Collections should meet the special interests of the community, and libraries should promote and advertise their services extensively to attract a wide range of readers.

The second law of library science "every reader his/her book" means that librarians serve a wide collection of patrons, acquire literature to fit a vast collection of needs, do not judge what specific patrons choose to read. Everyone has different tastes and differences and we should respect that.

The possible absence of a physical knowledge storage object doesn’t dilute the power of Ranganathan’s second principle; it is certainly relevant to media in all forms including the Internet.

Implications / Obligations

1. Obligations of the State - When we say "Every Reader His / Her Book" or "Books for All", the state or government automatically comes in picture. The state has a certain obligation to its citizens and one of these is to provide equal opportunity to read. Ranganathan has discussed obligations of the state under three head. (i) Finance--providing finance by giving grants and by levying library cess (Ranganathan's choice), (ii) Legislation--enacting library legislation, and (iii) Coordination--of activities to ensure "Books for All"
2. Obligations of the Library Authority - The second law has something to say to library authorities in respect to the selection of books and staff. A library has limited finance. It is therefore desirable to know the requirements of the readers before selecting the books. Similarly, library authority should select staff for their library with professional competence and missionary zeal.
3. Obligations of Library Staff - Library staff should be cooperative and service minded. Library staff should form a bridge between readers and books, only then every reader will have his/her book. When a reader enters a library, the library staff should approach him with a helping hand. Second Law strongly advocates user education program in libraries.
4. Obligations of the Reader - The Second Law expects the readers also to discharge some responsibilities. Readers should be disciplined and follow rules and regulations. Readers should restrain from cutting pages from books, keeping books beyond the due date, etc. All such acts amount to keeping other readers away from their books.

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-:THIRD LAW: EVERY BOOK ITS READER:-

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The Third Law prescribes Every Book its Reader. The emphasis is on the book. This law desires that every book in a library must find its reader. It implies that there should be maximum use of books by their users.

This principle is closely related to the second law, but it focuses on the item itself, suggesting that each item in a library has an individual or individuals who would find that item useful. Dr. Ranganathan argued that the library could devise many methods to ensure that each item finds its appropriate reader. One method involved the basic rules for access to the collection, most notably the need for open shelving.

The third law of library science "every book its reader" means a library's books have a place in the library even if a smaller demographic might choose to read it.

It is, therefore, necessary to adopt measures to ensure successful implementation of the demand of the Third Law. The factors that may be kept in view in this regard have been discussed below:

Implications

1. Open Access - It is one of the most effective ways to ensure that the maximum number of books are seen by the readers. It also happens sometimes that the reader to the shelves in search of a book and in the process of search select many more books.
2. Book Selection - Give full weightage to the tastes and requirements of the clientele of the library. Difficulties of the Third Law can be minimized by adopting a well-balanced book selection policy. If the right books are selected it will definitely find its readers
3. Shelf Arrangement - If the books are arranged so that the subjects get arranged according to the degree of mutual relationship, then each book would have a higher probability of getting its readers.
4. Easy Accessibility - Books should be placed within easy reach of the readers. It has been observed that the books within the comfortable reach of the readers are most frequently used. For easy accessibility, shelves should not be higher than 6.5 ft.
5. Cataloging - Proper cataloging of books is very important as even though there may be well planned and arranged books on the shelves but they are incapable merely by itself. Series entry and cross-reference entries are highly useful in drawing the attention of the readers. Analytical entries increase the chance of a composite book getting its reader.
6. Reference Service - A reference librarian should know about the world of books and try to find out a reader for every one of these. The reference librarian should act as a canvassing agent for each book.
7. Publicity - Publicity is a very powerful weapon to attract readers to the library and thereby to increase the chances of every book to find its reader. For example, the arrival of new books may be brought to the notice of the readers by displaying them, near the entrance of the library, or by communicating the readers through an e-newsletter or broadcasting information about them through the Twitter handle of the library.
8. Extension Service - The library attract readers by converting itself into a cultural and social center. A library does this by organizing exhibitions, musical concerts, a magic show, celebration of local and national festivals, etc. Once the people come to these functions, then the library can make an attempt to bring books and readers together.

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-:FOURTH LAW: SAVE THE TIME OF THE READER:-

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The Fourth Law says "Save the Time of the Reader." A library user must be assumed a busy person. It is essential to keep the reader satisfied and a reader is satisfied most if his/her time is saved, i.e., if he gets the needed service in minimum possible time.

This law is a recognition that part of the excellence of library service is its ability to meet the needs of the library user efficiently. To this end, Dr. S.R. Ranganathan recommended the use of appropriate business methods to improve library management. He observed that centralizing the library collection in one location provided distinct advantages. He also noted that excellent staff would not only include those who possess strong reference skills, but also strong technical skills in cataloging, cross-referencing, ordering, accessioning, and the circulation of materials.

The fourth law of library science "save the time of the user" means that all patrons should be able to easily locate the material they desire quickly and efficiently.

Implications

1. Open Access - In a closed access of books time is wasted unnecessarily. In open access, the time of the readers is saved. If open access is not there then the reader has to make the choice of the books through the searching of the library catalog. Then the reader requests the library staff the book which he has searched in the catalog. The staff searches the required book and if the staff is not able to trace the book, then the reader again needs to search the catalog. These problems can be avoided if open access is provided where the readers can themselves go to the shelves to search their book.
2. Location - The location of the library is of great importance. It must be centrally located so that it is conveniently accessible to the community served. For an institutional library, it should be in the center of the institution, for a public library it should be in the center of the city. Centrally located library saves the times of the users in visiting it.
3. Shelf Arrangement, Classification, and Cataloging - Proper classification schemes should be used in the library. Books should be arranged on shelves according to the classification number. Regular shelf rectification is also essential. In order to save the time of the readers, the library catalog should aim to provide different approaches to the users. It should include analytical entries for composite books.
4. Stack-Room Guides - To save the time of the reader, the library should provide an efficient system of stack room guides. It may be quite useful to keep it at the entrance of the stack room, the whole plan of the room indicating the position of the book racks and classes of books in them.
5. Issue and Return - Most readers want to read the book at home. For this, the library has to issue the books to the readers. Time-saving techniques for circulation to books should be used so that the user has not to spend more time in getting the book issued (or returned).
6. Reference Service - The reference staff establishes a contact between the book and the reader by providing Reference Service and Long Range Reference Services, thereby saving the time of the reader.
7. Documentation Service - A substantial time of readers is wasted in the literature search. The library should, therefore, undertake comprehensive or selective, as needed be, documentation services including SDI service to save the time of the reader.
8. Library Staff - Library staff should be cooperative. They should help the readers to find their document keeping in mind the message of the Fourth Law, i.e., to Save the Time of the Reader.

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-:FIFTH LAW: THE LIBRARY IS A GROWING ORGANISM:-

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The Fifth Law is "The Library is a Growing Organism." A library is a social institution and it will keep growing like an organism. A library will grow in terms of documents, readers, and staff. The nature of organic growth can be either growth as a body of a child or growth as of the body of an adult. The growth of a new library will correspond to that of a child growing in all aspects. In case of a service library, once its growth has reached the adult stage, the growth would be in terms of replacing old books by new books and new users will continuously replace old users.

This law focused more on the need for internal change than on changes in the environment itself. Dr. Ranganathan argued that library organizations must accommodate growth in staff, the physical collection, and patron use. This involved allowing for growth in the physical building, reading areas, shelving, and in space for the catalog.

The fifth law of library science "the library is a growing organism" means that a library should be a continually changing institution, never static in its outlook. Books, methods, and the physical library should be updated over time.

Implications

1. Balanced Growth - The collection should grow in all the areas of subjects keeping in view the needs and requirements of all the readers, as far as possible.
2. Casting Off the Old (Obsolete) and Preserving Valuable Books - Weed out old, obsolete, and unused books in order to provide space for new additions. However, librarians should take necessary steps to preserve valuable materials.
3. Choice of a Classification Scheme - We should use a scheme of classification, which is able to meet the onslaught of knowledge reasonably well.
4. Choice of a Catalog Code - We should use a catalog code which is able to provide treatment to all kinds of library materials yet acquired as well as new materials likely to be acquired in future.
5. Modernization - Libraries may have to think of computerization of the various housekeeping jobs like the acquisition, circulation, cataloging, etc.
6. Staff - When a library grows, the sanctioned staff at some stage become inadequate. So at that time an increase of staff should be considered. Any standard for staffing should be accepted by the libraries, then the library would be able to get the requisite staff.
7. Library Building -- Provision for Future - While planning and designing a library building, there should be a provision for the expansion of the building, both horizontally as well as vertically. The library should provide adequate space for the present as well as the future.
8. Safeguards - As the number of readers increase, the problem of theft of books from the library becomes acute, especially in the open access system. So, it necessitates some safeguards, such as entrance and exit should be from one gate, windows should be grilled, and all readers should be checked before leaving.

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-:VARIANTS OF FIVE LAWS OF LIBRARY SCIENCE:-

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Librarian Michael Gorman (born 6 March 1941, Witney, Oxfordshire) a British-born librarian, library scholar and editor/writer past president of the American Library Association, 2005–2006, and editor of AACR2), and Walt Crawford recommended the following laws in addition to Ranganathan's five in Future Libraries: Dreams, Madness, and Realities [American Library Association, 1995], (p. 8) Gorman later repeated them in his small book, Our Singular Strengths [American Library Association, 1998].

1. Libraries serve humanity.

2. Respect all forms by which knowledge is communicated.

3. Use technology intelligently to enhance service.

4. Protect free access to knowledge.

5. Honor the past and create the future.

In 2004, librarian Alireza Noruzi recommended applying Ranganathan's laws to the Web in his paper, "Application of Ranganathan's Laws to the Web":

1. Web resources are for use.

2. Every user has his or her web resource.

3. Every web resource its user.

4 Save the time of the user.

5. The Web is a growing organism.

In 2008, librarian Carol Simpson recommended that editing be done to Ranganathan's law due to media richness. The following were:

1. Media are for use.

2. Every patron his information.

3. Every medium its user.

4. Save the time of the patron.

5. The library is a growing organism.

source: librarianshipstudies

Guwahati High Court Syllabus Librarian and Library Assistant in Judicial Academy, Assam

Syllabus Librarian

Final select list will be prepared based on the total marks obtained in both Stage-1 and Stage-2. Note: In case of candidates obtaining equal total marks, one who obtains more marks in the written test will be given preference. Where the marks obtained by such candidates in the written test are also same, the candidate who is senior in age will be given preference.

Stage	Description
Stage-1	Written Test will be of 2 (two) hours duration comprising of the following: General English and General Knowledge: 40 marks. Library Science: 40 marks. General Aptitude: 20 marks. Official Language of Assam (Assamese): 20 marks (which will be qualifying in nature, qualifying marks shall be 40% of 20 i.e. 8 marks). Marks obtained in Assamese language segment will not be counted in preparing the merit list of written test.
Stage-2	Candidates in the ratio of 1:3 on the basis of performance in the written test (excluding Assamese language segment) will be called for the Interview/Viva-Voce of 15 marks.

Syllabus Library Assistant

Final select list will be prepared based on the total marks obtained in both Stage-1 and Stage-2. Note: In case of candidates obtaining equal total marks, one who obtains more marks in the written test will be given preference. Where the marks obtained by such candidates in the written test are also same, the candidate who is senior in age will be given preference.

Stage	Description
Stage-1	Written Test will be of 2 (two) hours duration comprising of the following: General English and General Knowledge: 40 marks. Library Science: 40 marks. General Aptitude: 20 marks. Official Language of Assam (Assamese): 20 marks (which will be qualifying in nature, qualifying marks shall be 40% of 20 i.e. 8 marks). Marks obtained in Assamese language segment will not be counted in preparing the merit list of written test.
Stage-2	Candidates in the ratio of 1:3 on the basis of performance in the written test (excluding Assamese language segment) will be called for the Interview/Viva-Voce of 15 marks.

 

All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur (Chhattisgarh) Syllabus For Library Attendant Gr.II

Full Details

Indicative Syllabus for written examination:

(A) SUBJECT KNOWLEDGE : Questions to be based on Library Science/Library Information Science course broadly covering the following topics:- Library and Information Centres: Concept and Role in Society ; Types of Libraries and information Centres: Public, Academic, Special and National ; Modern  Library: Automated, Digital, and Virtual ; Five Laws of Library Science; Overview of Information Sources; Types of Information Source; Reference Sources ;  E-Resources; Organization of Library Material: Concept, Need and Purpose; Processing of Library Material: Classification and Cataloguing Arrangement and  Maintenance of Library Material; Library and Information Services for the Users ; Traditional Library Services: Responsive and Anticipatory Modern Library  Services; Library System and Management; Library Staff; Library Users; Librarianship as a Career; Information Retrieval Concept of Scope Information Retrieval Tools: Catalogue, Index, Subject Heading Lists; Search Techniques: Basic and Advanced; Web Based Search

(B) General Intelligence & Reasoning : It would include questions of non-verbal type. The test will include questions on similarities and differences, space visualization, problem solving, analysis, judgment, decision making, visual memory, discriminating observation, relationship concepts, figure classification, arithmetical number series, non-verbal series etc. The test will also include questions designed to test the candidate’s abilities to deal with abstract ideas and symbols and their relationship, arithmetical computation and other analytical functions.

(C) General Awareness: Questions will be designed to test the ability of the candidate’s general awareness of the environment around him and its application to society. Questions will also be designed to test knowledge of current events and of such matters of everyday observation and experience in their scientific aspects as may be expected of an educated person. The test will also include questions relating to India and its neighboring countries  especially pertaining to Sports, History, Culture, Geography, Economic scene, General Polity including Indian Constitution, and Scientific Research etc. These questions will be such that they do not require a special study of any discipline.

(D) Quantitative Aptitude: This paper will include questions on problems relating to Number Systems, Computation of Whole Numbers, Decimals and  Fractions and relationship between Numbers, Fundamental arithmetical operations, Percentages, Ratio and Proportion, Averages, Interest, Profit and  Loss, Discount, use of Tables and Graphs, Mensuration, Time and Distance, Ratio and Time, Time and Work, etc.

(E) English Language : Candidates' understanding of the Basics of English Language, its vocabulary, grammar, sentence structure, synonyms, antonyms and  its correct usage, etc. his/her writing ability would be tested.

Questions on ‘General Intelligence and Reasoning’ will be non-verbal considering the functions attached to the post. Questions on Numerical Aptitude and  General English will be simple, of a level that an average matriculate will be in a position to answer comfortably. Questions on General Awareness will be also of  similar standard. The questions in all parts will be of 10th standard level

Proposed Scheme	No. of  Questions	Total  Marks
(A) Subject knowledge of concerned  post. (Library Science /Library & Information Science) (B) General Intelligence & Reasoning (C) General Awareness (D) Quantitative aptitude (E) English Comprehension	70 10 05 05 10	100

 

National Institute of Design (NID). MP Syllabus for written exam and skill test for Senior Assistant Librarian

National Institute of Design (NID). Madhya Pradesh 

Syllabus for written exam and skill test for 

Senior Assistant Librarian

Senior Assistant Librarian

Language        proficiency in        English,     Quantitative Aptitude,  Principles   of     Library       Management, Library    Building    and      Resources        Management, Library Automation & Digitization, Application of ICT in Libraries, Library Services. Web based & Emerging Technologies in Libraries, Digitization & Preservation,      Open-Source    Software    and  its application,     Research     Methods    and Statistical Techniques etc. as relevant for Job profile of the post.

English/Hindi typing test     @30 words per minute, letter    and         precis writing/     practical tasks     related   to topics       mentioned in     the    broad syllabus         for written test.

 

National Institute Of Technology (NIT), Srinagar Syllabus For Assistant Librarian

National Institute Of Technology (NIT)

Srinagar Syllabus For 

Assistant Librarian

GENERAL APTITUDE SYLLABUS

Verbal Aptitude Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech; Basic vocabulary: words, idioms, and phrases in context Reading and comprehension Narrative sequencing.

Analytical Aptitude: Logic: deduction and induction; Analogy Numerical relations and reasoning.

Spatial Aptitude: Transformation of shapes: translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping Paper folding, curing, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

CORE BRANCH SYLLABUS

Information Communication and Society: Data, Information, knowledge: Nature, property and scope; Information generation and communication; Information and Society; IPR and legal issues-categories, conventions ,Treaties ,Laws; Plagiarism-concept and types , RTI; Information Technology Act,

Libraries: Historical development of Libraries; Committees and Commissions on libraries in India, Types of Libraries; Library Legislation and Library Acts, laws of Library science, Library and Information Science Profession-Professional Ethics. Professional Associations involved in the development of Library and Information Services -National/ International — UNESCO, IFLA, INIS, NISSAT, etc.; Library and information science education in India, User studies, User education Information literacy —Areas, standards, Types and models;

Library Management: Management perspectives,- Principles ,functions and schools of Management thought , Book selection tools and principles, library acquisition ,Technical processing, circulation, serial control, maintenance and stock verification; preservation and conservation; Hazards and control measures of library materials , System Analysis and control, Human resource Management, Financial management in libraries- resource mobilization, cost effective and cost benefit Analysis, Project Management —SWOT ,PEST,PERT/CPM , TQM, Knowledge Management, Marketing of information products and Services.

Knowledge Organization: Universe of Knowledge, Modes of formation of subjects, Canons and Principles, Library Classification Schemes — DDC, CC, UDC;; Library Cataloguing Codes — CCC and AACR, Bibliographic record formats —ISBD, MARC2I, CCF, RDA, FRBR, Bibframe

Information Sources, Systems and Services: Information Institutions, Information centres, Data centres and referral Centres Information sources, Systems and programmes, Information products and services, Information Intermediaries as sources of Information. Reference service-Types, Referral services, Alerting Services — CAS, SDI; ILL and document delivery, Mobile based library services and Tools, Web 2.0 and 3.0, Web Scale Discovery Services, National and International Information Systems and Networks, Patent Information System etc. Library Resource sharing and Library Consortia. Information Institutions, Information centres, Data centres and referral Centres Information sources, Systems and programmes, Information products and services, Information Intermediaries as sources of Information. Reference service-Types, Referral services, Alerting Services — CAS, SDI; ILL and document delivery, Mobile based library services and Tools, Web 2.0 and 3.0, Web Scale Discovery Services, National and International Information Systems and Networks, Patent Information System etc. Library Resource sharing and Library Consortia.

Information Processing and Retrieval: Organisation of Information, Bibliographic Description, Content Development, Information storage and Retrieval Systems, Information Retrieval.

Fundamentals of Information Communication Technologies:

Computer Technology, Communication Technology, Media and Publishing Technology. Resource sharing Networks.

Information and communication Technologies- Applications: Database Design and Management, Internet Resources and Services, Library Automation; Software and software packages, Data Security; Digital Library, Digitization, Digital preservation, Digital Library Initiatives, Institutional Repositories, Application of RFID Technology in Libraries, Expert systems and Robotics in Libraries.

Research: Research, research methods, research design, methods of data collection, Reference style management, citation tools, Anti plagiarism tools, Metric studies in LIS, Impact factors, Trends in library and Information Science Research.

 

UTTAR PRADESH PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION Syllabus For Librarian

UTTAR PRADESH PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION

प्राविधिक शिक्षा विभाग, उ0प्र0 - परीक्षा 2021

Examination Scheme for the Post of Librarian

LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
Syllabus 
(Paper-I) 100 Question each have 03 Marks

Unit 1- Library and Information Society :

Information, Information Science, Information Society. Information as a Resource/Commodity. Information Transfer Cycle-Generation , Collection, Storage and Dissemination. Role of Information in Planning, Management, Socio-economic Development, Technology Transfer. Communication- Channels, Barriers. Intellectual Property Rights —Concept, Copyright, Censorship-Print and Non/Print Media. Library and Information Policy at the National Level.

Unit2- Library and Information Management:

Management-Principles, Functions, Schools of Thought. Planning, Organization, Structure. Decision Making. System Study-Analysis, Evaluation and Design. Collection Development-Books, Serials, Non-Book Materials Selection, Acquisition, Maintenance. Human Resource Management — Manpower Planning, Job Analysis, Job Description, Selection, Recruitment, Staff Total Quality Management. Marketing of Information Products and Services. Library Buildings, Equipment's.

Unit 3- Knowledge Organisation :

Organisation of Knowledge/Information. Modes of Formation of Subjects. Library Classification-Cannons and Principles. Library Classification Schemes-DDC, UDC and CC. Library Cataloguing-Canons and Principles. Library Cataloguing Codes-CCC and AACR II Indexing-Pre-Coordinate, Post-Coordinate. Databases-Search Strategies, Boolean Operators. Knowledge Management.

Unit 4- Professional Aspects of Library and Information Science :

Historical Development of Libraries in India. Committees and Commissions of Libraries in India. Library Legislation and Library Acts in Indian States. Laws of Library Science. Professional Associations-Local, National and International. Role of agencies such as UGC, RRRL F and UNESCO in the promotion and development of Libraries in India. Library and Information Science Education-Problems and Prospects in India. Public Relations and Extension Activities for Library and Information Professionals.

Unit 5- Information Sources :

Information Sources-Nature, Characteristics, Types and Sources of Information-Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary, Documentary and Non-Documentary. Reference Sources-Bibliographical, Biographical, Educational, Language, Geographical and Current. Electronic Information Resources-Subject Gateways, Web Portals, Bulletin Boards, Discussion Forums. Social Media- Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Youtube, Etc. Databases-Bibliographic, Numeric, Full Text, Multimedia; Open Access Databases, Etc. Institutional and Human Resources.

 

INFLIBNET Syllabus for the post of Scientist-C (Library Science)

  INFLIBNET CENTRE, INFOCITY, GANDHINAGAR-382 007, GUJARAT, INDIA

Advt. No. 01/2021: Schedule, Syllabus and Instructions to candidates for the post of Scientist-C (Library Science)

Indicative Syllabus for the post of Scientist-C(LS)

Topics	(%)
Types of Libraries — Academic. Public and Special, Library Legislation and Library Acts in Indian States; The Press and Registration of Books Act: Laws of Library Science. Professional Associations - National — ILA, IASLIC, IATLIS; International — IFLA, ALA, CILIP, ASLIB, SLA; Role of UGC, RRRLF and UNESCO in Promotion and Development of Libraries. Library and Information Science Education in India Library Extension Activities. Trends in Library and Information Science.	5
Data, information, Knowledge and Wisdom. Information Life Cycle - Generation. Collection, Storage and Dissemination. Information Science - Relationship with other subjects. Information Society and Knowledge Society. Communication — Concept, Types, Theories, Models, Channels and Barriers: Trends in Scholarly communication. IPR and Legal Issues - Categories. Conventions. Treaties, Laws. Right to Information Act (RTI); Information Technology Act. National Knowledge Commission; National Mission on Libraries	5
Information Literacy - Areas. Standards, Types and Models; Trends in Information Literacy Information Sources - Nature. Characteristics. Types and Formats. Sources of Information    -    Primary.       Secondary        and Tertiary: Documentary and Non-Documentary. Reference Sources - Bibliographical, Biographical. Educational, Language and Geographical. Electronic  Information         Resources -     Subject Gateways.       Web Portals. Bulletin Boards Discussion Forums /Groups. Databases: Bibliographic, Numeric, Full text. Multimedia: Open Access Databases. Evaluation of Reference Sources and Web Resources. Search and Discovery Services. Library Resource Sharing and Library Consortia — National and International. National  Information          Systems        and       Networks:         NISCAIR, DESIDOC. SENDOC, ENVIS, INFLIBNET, DELNET, NICNET, ERNET, National Knowledge Network (NKN), Biotechnology Information System Network International Information Systems and Networks: INIS, AGRIS, INSPEC, MEDLARS, BIOSIS, ERIC, Patent Information System (PIS). Biotechnology Information System (BIS).	15
Type of Users - User Studies, User Education. Community Information Services. Reference Service — Concept and Types; Referral Services. Alerting Services - CAS, SDI, Inter Library Loan and Document delivery  Mobile based Library Services and Tools — Mobile OPAC. Mobile Databases. Mobile Library       Website,      Library       Apps,         Mobile     Library Instructions,        Augmented     Reality,    SMS     Alerts,     Geo-Location, Reference Enquiry. Web 2.0    and     3.0     -       Library   2.0-     Concept,    Characteristics, Components; Instant Messaging. RSS Feeds, Podcasts, Vodcasts. Ask a Librarian Collaborative  Services-  Social    Networks,         Academics         Social Networks, Social Tagging, Social Bookmarking.	10
Universe of Knowledge - Nature and Attributes; Modes of Formation of Subjects. Knowledge Organization - Classification -Theories, Canons, and Principles; Sample Knowledge Organization System (SKOS), Taxonomies, Folksonomy, Trends in Classification. Mapping of Subjects in Library Classification Schemes — DDC. UDC and CC. Knowledge Organization: Cataloguing - Canons and Principles; Centralized and Co-operative Catalogue; Library Cataloguing Codes: CCC and AACR - II. Standards of Bibliographic Record Formats and Description — ISBD, MARC 21, CCF, RDA, FRBR, Bibframe. Standards for      Bibliographic     information        Interchange        & Communication - ISO 2709, Z39.50, Z39.71. Metadata Standards: Dublin Core; MARC21, METS, MODES, Indexing Systems and Techniques: Assigned - Pre-coordinate; Post-Coordinate; Derived- Title-based; Vocabulary Control. Abstracting — Types and Guidelines. Information Retrieval System — Features, Components, Madels and Ontology — Tools (RDF, RDFS, Protege).	15
Computer Technology - Character Representation (ASCII, ISCII,Unicode); Computer Hardware, Software; Storage Devices; Input and Output Devices. Types of Software - System Software, Application Software. Telecommunication - Transmission Channels. Mode, and Media.. ISDN. PSDN, Computer Networks - Topologies, Types of Networks — LAN, MAN. WAN. Internet - Web browsers, WWW, E-mail; Search Engines, Meta and Entity Search engines. Internet Protocols and Standards — HTTP, FTP. SMTP, TCP/IP. URI, URL. Hypertext. Hypermedia, Multimedia, Video conferencing, Virtual Reality. Cloud Computing Semantic Web, Linked Data, Big Data. Data Mining. Data Harvesting	10
Library Automation — Areas, Planning, Selection of Hardware and software. Implementation and Evaluation; Standards for Library Automation. Barcode, REID, QR Code, Biometric, Smartcard: Features and application. Digitization —  Planning,      Selection         of               Hardware. Software, Process. Issues. Digital Library Genesis, Characteristics, types, Architecture; Standard, format and protocols, DOI. Digital preservation -   Need.     Purpose.    Standards,      Methods. Techniques. Projects (National and International) Digital Library Initiatives — National and International. Institutional Repositories - Need. Purpose, Types and Tools; Institutional Repositories in India; ROAR, ROAR, SHERPA­ Content Management Systems — Architecture, Data Integration. CMS Software — Selection, Implementation and Evaluation.	15
Research Types of Research — Basic and Applied, Interdisciplinary and Research Methods:        Historical,         Descriptive,          Experimental  and Research Design - Selection of Research Problem, Review of Literature;        Formulation   of Research        Problem;               Hypothesis     — Formulation, Types and Testing; Sampling Techniques. Methods of Data Collection Data Analysis and Interpretation Plagiarism: Concept and Types. Statistical Packages — Spreadsheet, SPSS, Bibexcel, 'R Statistics. Research Report Writing and Citation Tools — Structure. Style, Contents, Guidelines; Style Manuals; Online Citation Tools; Reference Management Tools; Evaluation of Research Report. Metric Studies in LIS - Bibliometrics, Scientometric, Webometrics, Altmetrics; Impact Factors — Journal, h-Index, g-Index, 110 Index. Trends in Library and Information Science Research.	15
General Aptitude / Awareness/Knowledge about INFLIBNET	10

 

Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission Syllabus Librarian

 I. LIBRARY, INFORMATION AND SOCIETY

• Library : Social and Historical Foundations of library, Library as an institution and its evolution, Library as a social and cultural Institution, Role of library in formal and informal education, Five Laws of Library Science and their implications, different types of libraries- functions, objectives and activities.

 

• Information : Concept and meaning of information, information science, information society, information as a resource / commodity, Role of information in planning, management, socio-economic development, Technology Transfer, Communication theories and models, barriers to communication, Levels of Intrapersonal, Interpersonal and Mass Communication.

 

• Library Legislation: need and purpose, Library Legislation in India- Problems and prospects, Public library acts In Indian states, Delivery of books (Public Libraries) and news paper act 1954and 1956, Intellectual Property Rights, Copyright, Censorship —Print and Nonprint media.

 

• Librarianship as a Profession: Professional ethics and qualities, Professional education and research. Professional Associations- Objectives and functions, Role of Professional Associations in Library Development, National Ubrary Associations-ILA, IATUS, IASLIC, International Library Associations- IFLA, FID, ALA, RA and LA.

 

• Promoters of Library Services : National level- RRRLF, International level- UNESCO, Public relations and extension activities, Library and Information Policy at National level, National Knowledge Commission (NKC) and its role.

 

II. KNOWLEDGE ORGANISATION AND PROCESSING (KOP) (Theory)

• Universe of Subjects : Structure and attributes, Modes of Information of subjects, Mapping of Universe of knowledge in CC, UDC and DDC, Spiral of scientific method. Library and Universe of Subjects.

 

• Library Classification: Definition, need, purpose and function, Normative principles of Classification and their Applications, Canons, Principles and Postulates, Devices, Mnemonics, Fundamental Categories and Notation, Facet Analysis, Phase Relation, Common isolates, Salient features of Library Classification Schemes —CC, DDC.

 

• Trends in Library Classification: Thesaurofacet, Classaurus, Automatic Classification, Classification in online systems web Dewey. Knowledge organisation System- Concepts, Facet antologies, Folksnomies, OWL, SKOS, Texonomies, Authority Files, Knowledge Organisation in Digital Environment.

 

• Library Cataloguing: Meaning, Definition, Need, Purpose, Objectives and functions, Normative Principles of Cataloguing- Canon, Law and Principles Standard Codes of Cataloguing —CCC & AACR-II, Physical forms and inner forms of catalogue (Card Catalogue to OPAC). Filing rules and procedures. Sear's List and Library of Congress List of Subject Headings.

 

• Resources Sharing of Bibliographic Data: Meaning and importance, Centralised Cataloguing, Cooperative Cataloguing, Cataloguing at Source, CIP, Union Catalogue, Current developments —Web OPACs and 239.50. Metadata- Meaning, Definition, Purpose, Use and Types, Metadata standard, Marc-21 and Dublin core, ISBD, CCF, Consortia approach to Metadata — OAI, PMH.

 

III. MANAGEMENT OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION CENTRES

• Management : Meaning and Definition, Levels of Management, Functions and Principles of Management and their application to Library and Information Science, Organisational structure of Libraries, Library Authority and Library Committee Library Rules and Regulations, Annual Report and Library statistics.

 

• Human Resource Management: Job Description and Analysis Inter-Personal relations 'Staff formulas, Staff selection and Recruitment, Motivation, Delegations, Decision Making, Education, Training and deyelopment, Job evaluation and performance appraisal, Leadership qualities Performance evaluation of Library and Information Centres, Total Quality Management (TOM) in Libraries, SWOT Analysis, Management by Objectives (M80), Staff Manual.

 

• Collection Development Management : Book Selection Policies and Principles for Print and Electronic Resources, Different types of selection tools and importance, Problems of collection development for Print electronics resources (including Licensing) Online Book stars- Identifications, advantages, Online Book Shops Vs Traditional Books Shops . URLs. Stock rectification, Weeding of resources, conservation and presprvation of Library resources, Bibliometrics Studies, Information marketing. ISBN, ISSN.

 

• Financial Resource Management: Importance, Sources of finance, Mobilisation of financial resources. Budgeting — Methods and Techniques PPBS and zero based budgeting.

 

• Management of Functional Units of Library and Information Centres: Functions, Procedure and activities of Acquisition section, Technical Section, Circulation Section, Periodical Section, Reference and Customer Care Service, Maintenance Section, Bar coding technology, methods of charging and discharging systems, Serials, Control, Stock verification, Library building and equipments, Modular Planning.

 

IV. INFORMATION SERVICES, SOURCES, SYSTEMS AND RETRIEVAL

• Reference Service: Definition and types, Short Range and Long Range Reference service, Virtual reference service, Virtual reference Desk, chat referencing, reference sources and evaluation of online reference sources Developing FAQs,

 

• Information Service: Documentation- Meaning, Genesis, Scope and Facets of Documentation,, CAS, SDI, Document Delivery Services, indexing and abstracting service in India. Bibliographic Service, Digest Service, List servers and other sms/ email based services, developing portals and virtual library services, Data mining for information, initiation of user, Information seeking behavior, information literacy

 

• Information Sources: Definition, importance, Criteria for evaluation. Types of sources- Primary, Secondary and Tertiary, human and institution resources, electronic information resources- e-journals, e-books, e-thesis, e-newspapers, Blogs, Wilds, open access reference sources and databases, subject gateway and portals, fee based bibliographical and full text databases, subject related websites.

 

• Information Systems: Basic concepts, meaning, objectives functions, components of information system-Structure, Function and services- library. Documentation center, Information center Data center, Information Analysis Center, Clearing House, Data banks, referral center, translation center, National and International documentation centers, information systems and programs —NISCAIR, DESIDOC, NASSDOC, NISSAT, CAS, INSPEC, AGRIS, BIOSIS, IN IS,MEDIARS, ASINFO, COMPENDEX, ISI.

• Resource Sharing and Networks: Need for Consortia, importance and objectives, study of information detworks and digital library consortia —OCLC, RLIN, INFLIBNET, DELNET, INDEST, FERA, CeRA and CSIR-E­JOURNAL consortia.

 

• Information retrieval Systems: Definition, objectives, functional evaluation criteria, Indexing system — need and purpose, pre coordinating indexing systems- Chain procedure, POPS!, PRECIS and keyword Indexing. Post Coordinating Indexing Systems- Uniterm Indexing, Citation Indexing, Automating indexing —Techniques and methods, Vocabulary Control — meaning, importance and tools —Subject Heading Lists, Thesaurus Construction Techniques, Information retrieval Models — Concept of . Ranking Structural Models, Boolean Model, Probabilistic, Retrieval model, Vector space model. Trends in Information Retrieval System- Developments, searching and Retrieval, Full text Retrieval, User Interfaces, Information Retrieval, Standards and protocols.

 

V. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, AUTOMATION AND NETWORKING

• Computers historical development: Characteristics, applications generations and classifications of computers, components of computers — CPU, Input and Output devices, internal and external stodge devices, Hardware and Software aspects, Operating systems, Microsoft Windows, Unix, Linux, Programming language.

 

• Information Technology: Concept, Definition , Components. and Transmission, media', switching systems, Bandwidth, Multiplying, Modulation, Protocols, Wireless communication, Data Security, service, Teletext, Videotext, Voice Mail.

 

• Library Automation: Definition, need purpose and advantages, Automation of Library Operations —Acquisition, Cataloguing, OPACs, Circulation and Serial Control, Application of Barcode and RFID Technology for library functions. Application of artificial intelligence to library and information centers.

 

• Ms Office: word, Excel, Power Point and Access.

 

UNIT-VI - NETWORKS & SOFTWARE

• Network: Concept, meaning and definition, Digital and analogue signals,. asynchronous and synchronous transmission. Transmission Models — Simplex half duplex and Full duplex channels, hypertext, Hypermedia, Multimedia, Integrated Services, Digital Network(ISSN) Open System Interconnection (OSI).

 

• Types of Computers Networks — LAN,MAN,WAN, Network topologies circuit switching and packet switching, wireless networks, mobile phone. Firewall an antivirus software. Study of the function and activities of library Networks — OCLC, RLIN, BLAISE, ERNET, JANET, NICNET.

 

• Library Automation Software: Creation of Database- CDS/ISIS, WINiSIS. Use of library softwares (in detail)- Koha, Libsys, SOUL Database searching- webcats and web OPACs, LC Catalogues. Use of search engines­Google, Yahoo etc.

 

VII. DIGITAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

•  Information Notion and Nature of Information: Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom. Information explosion and need for Information Organisation, Internet- components and services.

• Introduction to Digital libraries: electronic documents File and file formats Electronic publishing 'and scholarly 'eommunications. Web2.0 and library 2.0. Concepts and applications —wikis, RSS Blogs Social book marking tags folksonomy Meshups, Social Networking.

 

• Information Search through general search engine, search engine for scholarly literature , Meta Search engines, Web indexes, Advanced Search techniques- Keyword Search, Boolean operators, Proximity search Phrase search, Field searching, Concept searching ,wild card search, Truncation, Searching of Database, Catalogues, Browsing- Web Browser, Meta Data, Digital object Identifier (DOI).

 

VIII- DIGITAL LIBRARIES

• Digital Library Software (Open Source) : Green Stone,•Dspace and E-prints: :their fnstallatioh and use in building digital collection and procedures, evaluation methods, preservation of digital materials.

 

• Open Access Initiatives (OAI), Institutional repositories, history, need • and development Institutional repositories in India.

 

• Digital Libraries, Initiatives in India, UGC and NDL.

 

IX. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• Research: meaning, definition, nature and objectives. Types of Research, Keview of LOrature; Selection of Research Problem, Hypothesis, Research Design.

 

• Research Method: Quantitative and Quantitative Methods of 1.15 Research Scientific Method, Historical method, Descriptive Method, Survey Method, Observation Method, Experimental Method, Case Study method, Delphi Method and Interview Method.

 

• Research techniques and tools: Questionnaire, types of questionnaire Structured and unstructured questions, interview schedule, pilot studies, Rating scales and Check Lists, Sampling techniques population Vs Sampling.

 

X- PRESENTATION DATA & BIBLIOMETRICS

• Statistical analysis of Data: Measure of central tendency , mean median, mode, measures of Dispersion, the variance and covariance, Standard Deviation, Chi-square test, Graphical presentation of data and Report.

 

• Technical writing and presentations: Tools, Techniques and Standards Writing a technical paper; Making PP1s, Foot Notes and references, Study citation Style manuals —APA, MLA and Chicago citation'.

 

• Bibliometric Webometrics, Information and Scientomatrics: Basics Concepts, meaning, definition and scope, Study and Application of Bibliometric Laws — Lotka's Law, Bradfords Law, Zipfs Law.

 

• Citation analysis ,Growth and obsolescence of literature, various growth models, the half life analogy, determining of ageing factor and half life, Sociometry, Statistical Packages - SPSS.